New data on spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Kamchatka, Russia

Since 1885 and for almost a century the Kamchatka Peninsula had been a region of Russia east of the Urals with the best studied spider fauna. Currently, Kamchatka can be considered the least studied Siberian region. In this paper, we have provided a brief overview of Tatyana V. Pavlenko's spider collection compiled in Kamchatka in 1988-1992. A species list contains 108 species belonging to 15 families, of which 25 species, five genera and the family Titanoecidae are new to the spider fauna of Kamchatka. Walckenaeria subspiralis Millidge, 1983 is recorded from the Palaearctic Region for the first time. Kolymocyba petrophila Eskov, 1989 previously known from Magadan Area only is illustrated to provide more detail data about its morphology. The female of Micaria yeniseica Marusik & Koponen, 2002 that was previously known from the holotype male from the middle reaches of Yenisei River only is described for the first time. Two species – M. yeniseica and Zelotes azsheganovae Esyunin & Efimik, 1992 – significantly extended their known range to the east. Based on new data, a total number of the spider species known from Kamchatka has extended to 273.


Introduction
Thanks to two papers by Kulczyński (1885Kulczyński ( , 1926 and two other publications by Schenkel (1930) and Sytshevskaja (1935), for almost a century the Kamchatka Peninsula had been a region of Russia east of the Urals with the best studied spider fauna. In the four abovementioned papers 170 spider species were recorded from Kamchtka (Charitonow 1936). Currently, Kamchatka seems to represent the least studied Siberian region in the arachnological sense, with only 248 species being recorded from there (Mikhailov 2016). The neighboring Magadan Area together with Chukotka account for over 550 species (Marusik et al. 1992), Sakhalin Area and Yakutia have over 400 reported species each (Marusik et al. 1993a(Marusik et al. , 1993b. Our late colleague, professional arachnologist, Dr Tatyana V. Pavlenko used to work in Kamchatka (1988Kamchatka ( -1992 and collect spiders from different parts of the peninsula, but none of her faunistic data has been published. For a long time, it was thought that the spider material collected by Pavlenko was lost after her return to St.-Petersburg followed by an unexpected death (exact year is unknown).
Fortunately, these materials and field notebooks were found in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St.-Petersburg, Russia). They contain several dozens of jars of different sizes, in some of which invertebrates dried out. Here we first present the results based on undamaged specimens.
Although sample tubes lack proper geographical labels, it was easy to recognize most of the localities thanks to the available field notebooks. At first, we have been able to process about a quarter of the material collected by Tatyana Pavlenko and her colleagues from Kamchatka. Among these materials, we have found 25 species, five genera and a family of spiders new to Kamchatka. The goals of this paper are to provide a brief survey of studied material and to comment on new records.

Material and methods
Field works were carried out in the central part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, in the vicinity of the Esso Village (northern spurs of the Kozyrevski Mt. Range, the eastern macro-slope of the Sredinnyi Mt. Ridge, Figure 1). In addition, some materials were collected from the vicinities of Kozyrevsk and Aginskii villages, the Kronotsky Nature Reserve and the South Kamchatka Natural Park, etc. Spiders were collected by pitfall traps, sweeping, by hands, also from soil samples, and fixed in 75% alcohol.
Below the studied sites are arranged in accordance with their geographic proximity ( Figure 1): 1. Koz -Kozyrevsk Village, meadow.
Species marked with an asterisk (*) are first recorded from Kamchatka, those with two asterisks (**) mean that both genus and the species are new to Kamchatka; ♂♂ or/and ♀♀ means that specimens are numerous (>20) and were not counted.
Almost all the studied materials are deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, Russia, with some specimens being temporary deposited in the Zoological Museum of the Turku University, Finland.  brown. Leg lengths as in Table 1. Abdomen silver black with two sublateral white spots at the top of abdomen, and whitish stripe in the middle of abdomen. Carapace/tibia I ratio 0.7, tibia I/metatarsus I ratio1.2. Epigyne as in Fig. 4A-D.
Note. The comparative figures of M. yeniseica and its sibling species M. silesiaca L. Koch, 1875 are provided here. The males of two species are easily distinguishable by the relative length of the tibia (longer in M. yeniseica), the position of the tegular apophysis (antero-prolateral vs. central) and shape of the retrolateral part of the sperm duct (straight vs. rounded). No distinct differences have been found between the females of two species, in which the conformation of receptacles strongly varies.
This species is new to Kamchatka. Earlier, it was known from the type locality and only from the holotype male, from the middle reaches of Yenisei River (Marusik et al. 2002;Mikhailov 2013). It seems that it has a disjunctive range as it is unknown between Yenisei and Kamchatka. This record extends the known range to about 70º or 3800 km to the east and represents the easternmost limit of the species' distribution. Fig. 5

Material. 1♂ [Gor].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. Earlier, it was known to occur from Ukraine to the Altai (Marusik et al. 1996;Mikhailov 2013). It seems that the species has a disjunctive range as it is not recorded from between the Altai and Kamchatka. The present record extends the known species range to about 75º or 4500 km to the east and represents the north-easternmost limit of its distribution. In order to prove out identification figures of the male palp have been provided here.

Material. 3♀ 1♂ [XX].
Note. It is the type species of the monotypic genus that is known from the single taxonomic entry. In order to provide more detailed data about its morphology, we provide SEM images of its male palp and epigyne have been presented. The original figures by Eskov (1989) do not show the complex shape of the radix as if having only a single apophysis, despite it having a small posterior (Rp) and a larger anterior (Ra) apophyses and a very short tailpiece (Tp). Numerous fine teeth on the terminal part of the suprategular apophysis (Sa) were not shown as well as the large median membrane (Mm). The epigyne in light microscope (Fig. 6H) looks like the one illustrated by Eskov (1989). This species and genus are new to Kamchatka. It was known from Magadan Area (Marusik et al. 1992;Mikhailov 2013) only and the record from Kamchatka lies at the south-easternmost limit of its range.

Discussion
One of the peculiarities of the spider fauna of Kamchatka is the presence of several species having disjunctive ranges with large gaps within the Palaearctic Region, such as: Ozyptila gertschi Kurata, 1944 (Europe to the Urals, Nearctic and Kamchatka; Marusik et al. 2010), Asperthorax borealis Ono & Saito, 2001 (Khabarovsk, Hokkaido and Kamchatka;Marusik et al. 2010), Walckenaeria kochi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (the West Palaearctic to Yenisei and Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands; Marusik et al. 2010), Arctosa raptor (Kulczyński, 1885) has a disjunction between Nepal and Kamchatka, and Kamchatka and the Nearctic (WSC 2020). The results of the present study added two more such species having disjunctive ranges: Micaria yeniseica and Zelotes azsheganovae. The species with such unusual ranges are unknown from the adjacent Sakhalin Island, Magadan Area, Chukotka Peninsula or Hokkaido.
Before this study, 248 spider species were known from Kamchatka (Mikhailov 2016). With the newly recorded 25 species, a total number of the spider species recorded from the peninsula has increased up to 273.