Corresponding author: Anna A. Nekhaeva ( adrealinea@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Roman Yakovlev
© 2020 Yuri M. Marusik, Anna A. Nekhaeva.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Marusik YM, Nekhaeva AA (2020) New data on spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Kamchatka, Russia. Acta Biologica Sibirica 6: 649-668. https://doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e60005
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Since 1885 and for almost a century the Kamchatka Peninsula had been a region of Russia east of the Urals with the best studied spider fauna. Currently, Kamchatka can be considered the least studied Siberian region. In this paper, we have provided a brief overview of Tatyana V. Pavlenko's spider collection compiled in Kamchatka in 1988-1992. A species list contains 108 species belonging to 15 families, of which 25 species, five genera and the family Titanoecidae are new to the spider fauna of Kamchatka. Walckenaeria subspiralis Millidge, 1983 is recorded from the Palaearctic Region for the first time. Kolymocyba petrophila Eskov, 1989 previously known from Magadan Area only is illustrated to provide more detail data about its morphology. The female of Micaria yeniseica Marusik & Koponen, 2002 that was previously known from the holotype male from the middle reaches of Yenisei River only is described for the first time. Two species – M. yeniseica and Zelotes azsheganovae Esyunin & Efimik, 1992 – significantly extended their known range to the east. Based on new data, a total number of the spider species known from Kamchatka has extended to 273.
Araneae, Asia, Far East, new record
Thanks to two papers by
Our late colleague, professional arachnologist, Dr Tatyana V. Pavlenko used to work in Kamchatka (1988–1992) and collect spiders from different parts of the peninsula, but none of her faunistic data has been published. For a long time, it was thought that the spider material collected by Pavlenko was lost after her return to St.-Petersburg followed by an unexpected death (exact year is unknown).
Fortunately, these materials and field notebooks were found in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St.-Petersburg, Russia). They contain several dozens of jars of different sizes, in some of which invertebrates dried out. Here we first present the results based on undamaged specimens.
Although sample tubes lack proper geographical labels, it was easy to recognize most of the localities thanks to the available field notebooks. At first, we have been able to process about a quarter of the material collected by Tatyana Pavlenko and her colleagues from Kamchatka. Among these materials, we have found 25 species, five genera and a family of spiders new to Kamchatka. The goals of this paper are to provide a brief survey of studied material and to comment on new records.
Field works were carried out in the central part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, in the vicinity of the Esso Village (northern spurs of the Kozyrevski Mt. Range, the eastern macro-slope of the Sredinnyi Mt. Ridge, Figure
Major collecting sites. Environs of Kozyrevsk (1), Esso (2) and Aginskii (3) villages, Kozlova Cape, Kronotsky Nature Reserve (4), Chasha Lake, Tolmachevskiy dol (5), Kurile Lake, South Kamchatka Natural Park (6).
Below the studied sites are arranged in accordance with their geographic proximity (Figure
1. Koz – Kozyrevsk Village, meadow.
2. Es – Esso Village vicinities; Es1 – the right bank of Bystraya River, Tupikin Kluch; Uks – Uksichan River valley, the right bank, ca 56°04'N 158°22'E; Bir – the right bank of Birakchan Stream, slope plume, N exposition, 790 m a.s.l., Pinus pumila with underscrubs and green mosses; Pla – plateau on the right bank of Uksichan River, headwaters of Birakchan stream, 800-1000 m, mountain tundra with Ledum sp., Empetrum sp., Vaccinium sp., lichens, green mosses, Pinus pumila; Ole – the upper reaches of Olengende River, 1100 m a.s.l., NNW exposed slope, the upper limit of Pinus pumila belt with Rhododendron sp., Vaccinium spp., green mosses, lichens; Gor – c. 8 km SW of Esso Village, the left bank of Bystraya River, nr. Gorgachan Pass; Oem – Bystraya River valley, opposite to the confluence of Oemtevlan and Bystraya Rivers, Pinus pumila; Bys – Bystraya River valley.
3. Aga – Aga River, geological field station in front of Marina Pass; Agi – Aginskii Village, the left bank of Kopylie River, pebble-stone; Mari – Bystraya River upstream, Marina Pass; Ket – Ketachan River valley.
4. Krono – Kronotsky Nature Reserve, Kozlova Cape near Kozlova River mouth, Pinus pumila.
5. Cha – Tolmachevskiy dol, Chasha Lake, under stones.
6. Kur – South Kamchatka Natural Park, Kurile Lake.
7. Unidentified region. Lay – Kamchatka, Layda, marshy birch forest (Betula ermanii); XX – Kamchatka.
Species marked with an asterisk (*) are first recorded from Kamchatka, those with two asterisks (**) mean that both genus and the species are new to Kamchatka; ♂♂ or/and ♀♀ means that specimens are numerous (>20) and were not counted.
Almost all the studied materials are deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, Russia, with some specimens being temporary deposited in the Zoological Museum of the Turku University, Finland.
Hypsosinga sanguinea (C. L. Koch, 1844)
Material. 1♂ [Pla].
Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck, 1757)
Material. 1♂ [Pla].
Clubiona kulczynskii Lessert, 1905
Material. 1♀ [Ole]; 1♀ [Uks], NW slope; 1♂ [Gor], SE slope; 1♀ [Uks].
Clubiona propinqua L. Koch, 1879
Material. 1♂ [Gor].
Emblyna annulipes (Blackwall, 1846)
Material. 3♀ 1♂ [Uks].
Hackmania prominula (Tullgren, 1948)
Material. 2♂ [Es]; 2♀ [Bir].
Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834)
Material. 2♀ [Gor]; 1♀ 1♂ [Uks], NW slope; 2♀ [Es]; 1♂ [Gor].
Drassodes neglectus (Keyserling, 1887)*
Material. 1♀ [Uks].
Note. This Siberio-Nearctic species (
Gnaphosa borea Kulczyński, 1908*
Material. 1♀ 7♂ [Pla].
Note. This Siberio-Nearctic species (
Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939
Material. 1♀ 20♂ [Pla]; 1♀ [Oem]; 1♀ [Mari]; 1♀ 8♂ [Es]; 1♀ [Gor].
Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922*
Material. 2♀ [Mari]; 1♀ [Es1].
Note. This Holarctic species (
Gnaphosa similis Kulczyński, 1926
Material. 1♂ [Uks], NW slope; 1♀ 1♂ [Es]; 2♀1♂ [Uks]; 1♀ [Gor].
Note. This species was described from Kamchatka and known from East Siberia, from Transbaikalia to Chukotka Peninsula, and southward to Maritime Territory (
Haplodrassus hiemalis (Emerton, 1909)*
Material. 2♂ [Pla]; 1♀ [Uks].
Note. This Siberio-Nearctic species (
Haplodrassus moderatus (Kulczyński, 1897)
Material. 2♂ [Gor].
Haplodrassus signifer (C. L. Koch, 1839)
Material. 2♀ 1♂ [Uks], NW slope; 7♀ 7♂ [Pla]; 5♀ 1♂ [Es]; 1♀ 1♂ [Gor]; 1♀ [Es].
Haplodrassus soerenseni (Strand, 1900)
Material. 1♀ [Es1]; 2♀ [Mari]; 2♀ [Agi]; 9♀ 43♂ [Uks], NW slope; 5♀ 38♂ [Pla]; ♀♀ ♂♂ [Es]; 1♀ [Uks].
Micaria alpina L. Koch, 1872*
Material. 1♂ [Pla]; 2♂ [Es].
Note. This Holarctic species (
Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall, 1831)
Material. 1♂ [Uks], NW slope; 1♂ [Pla]; 1♀ 1♂ [Es]; 3♀ 1♂ [Gor].
Micaria rossica Thorell, 1875
Material. 1♀ [Gor]; 1♂ [Uks].
Micaria yeniseica
Marusik & Koponen, in
11♀ 2♂ [Gor].
Female. Total length 3.15–3.75 mm, carapace 1.5–1.7 long, 1–1.1 wide, length/width ratio 1.5. Carapace dark brown with silver hairs. Legs dark brown. Leg lengths as in Table
The comparative figures of M. yeniseica and its sibling species M. silesiaca L. Koch, 1875 are provided here. The males of two species are easily distinguishable by the relative length of the tibia (longer in M. yeniseica), the position of the tegular apophysis (antero-prolateral vs. central) and shape of the retrolateral part of the sperm duct (straight vs. rounded). No distinct differences have been found between the females of two species, in which the conformation of receptacles strongly varies.
This species is new to Kamchatka. Earlier, it was known from the type locality and only from the holotype male, from the middle reaches of Yenisei River (
Habitus of Micaria yeniseica (A–C) and M. silesiaca (D–E), dorsal. A, D female; B–C, E male. B–C show size variation. Scale = 0.5 mm.
Male palp of Micaria yeniseica (A–C) and M. silesiaca (D–E). A, D ventral; B–C, E retrolateral. Scale = 0.2 mm.
Epigyne of Micaria yeniseica (A–D) and M. silesiaca (E–I) showing variations in the shape of receptacles. Scale = 0.2 mm.
1♂ [Gor].
This species is new to Kamchatka. Earlier, it was known to occur from Ukraine to the Altai (
Hahnia ononidum Simon, 1875
Material. 1♂ [Es].
Agnyphantes expunctus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
Material. 1♀ [Gor].
Agyneta birulai (Kulczyński, 1908)*
Material. 7♀ 1♂ [Pla].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. It is known across whole Siberia (
Agyneta conigera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1863)
Material. 1♂ [Krono].
Agyneta olivacea (Emerton, 1882)*
Material. 1♂ [Bir]; 9♀ 22♂ [Pla]; 4♀ [Es].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. It has a circum-Holarctic range (
Agyneta pseudosaxatilis Tanasevitch, 1984
Material. 3♀ 1♂ [Pla]; 1♀ [Es].
Anguliphantes karpinskii (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)
Material. 1♀ [Oem]; 2♀ 1♂ [Es].
Baryphyma trifrons (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1863)
Material. 1♀ [Krono]; 1♀ 1♂ [Mari]; ♀♀ [Aga]; 1♀ [Pla]; 2♂ [Es]; 2♀ [Ket].
Bathyphantes eumenis (L. Koch, 1879)
Material. 1♀ [Pla]; 3♀ [Es]; 1♀ [Uks].
Bathyphantes setiger F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894*
Material. 1♀ 1♂ [Lay].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. It has a trans-Palaearctic range (
Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833)
Material. 1♀ [Kur].
Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841)
Material. 1♀ [Mari].
Cnephalocotes obscurus (Blackwall, 1834)
Material. 1♀ 1♂ [Pla]; 4♀ [Es].
Collinsia caliginosa (L. Koch, 1879)
Material. 1♀ [Agi]; 2♀ [Uks].
Collinsia holmgreni (Thorell, 1871)
Material. 1♂ [XX].
Dactylopisthes video (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947)
Material. 2♂ [Uks].
Diplocentria bidentata (Emerton, 1882)
Material. 2♀ 1♂ [Krono]; 2♂ [Pla]; 4♀ 1♂ [Es]; 2♀ [Uks], NW slope; 1♀ [Es]; 2♀ [Es1].
Diplocentria rectangulata (Emerton, 1915)
Material. 1♀ [Mari]; 2♀ [Es1]; 2♀ [Es]; 4♀ [Oem]; 1♂ [Pla].
Erigone atra Blackwall, 1833
Material. 2♀ [Agi]; 1♀ [Uks].
Eskovia exarmata (Eskov, 1989)
Material. 1♀ [Es].
Estrandia grandaeva (Keyserling, 1886)
Material. 1♀ [Es1]; 1♀ [Oem]; 1♀ [Ket].
Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834)
Material. 1♂ [Ket].
Gnathonarium taczanowskii (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)
Material. 3♀ [Agi].
Hilaira gibbosa Tanasevitch, 1982
Material. 4♂ [Pla].
Hilaira herniosa (Thorell, 1875)
Material. 2♀ 4♂ [Krono]; 1♀ 1♂ [Bir]; 9♀ 11♂ [Pla]; 3♀ 5♂ [Es]; 1♀ [Uks], NW slope.
Hybauchenidium gibbosum (Sørensen, 1898)
Material. 3♀ 1♂ [Es].
Hypselistes semiflavus (L. Koch, 1879)
Material. 1♀ [Es].
Improphantes complicatus (Emerton, 1882)
Material. 3♀ [Pla]; 3♀ 2♂ [Es].
Improphantes flexilis (Tanasevitch, 1986)
Material. 1♀ 4♂ [Pla].
Incestophantes laricetorum (Tanasevitch & Eskov, 1987)*
Material. 1♀ 1♂ [Pla].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. It is known across entire Siberia (
Islandiana cristata Eskov, 1987
Material. 2♂ [Pla].
Ivielum sibiricum Eskov, 1988
Material. 2♂ [Pla].
Kaestneria pullata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1863)
Material. 1♂ [Mari]; 1♀ [Aga]; 1♂ [Lay].
Kolymocyba petrophila Eskov, 1989: 75, f. 5.1–5 (♂♀).
3♀ 1♂ [XX].
It is the type species of the monotypic genus that is known from the single taxonomic entry. In order to provide more detailed data about its morphology, we provide SEM images of its male palp and epigyne have been presented. The original figures by
Copulatory organs of Kolymocyba petrophila (A–C, F–H) and Walckenaeria microspiralis (D–E, I). A–C terminal part of male palp, prolateral, antero-prolateral and ventral; D, F whole male palp, retrolateral; E whole male palp, dorso-retrolateral showing dorsal tibial apophysis; G–I epigyne, ventral. Scale = 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Em – embolus, Mm – median membrane, Ra – anterior radix apophysis, Rp – posterior radix apophysis, Sa – suprategular apophysis, Tp – tailpiece of embolic division.
Lepthyphantes luteipes (L. Koch, 1879)
Material. 1♀ [Bir]; 1♂ [Pla]; 1♀ [Oem].
Macrargus multesimus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
Material. 1♀ [Es]; 1♂ [Lay].
Maro sibiricus Eskov, 1980
Material. 2♀ [XX].
Mecynargoides kolymensis Eskov, 1988**
Material. 3♂ [Pla].
Note. These species and genus are new to Kamchatka. It was known from Magadan Area and Mongolia only (
Mecynargus tungusicus (Eskov, 1981)
Material. 1♂ [Uks], NW slope.
Microlinyphia pusilla (Emerton, 1882)
Material. 4♀ [Mari]; 1♀ [Oem]; 1♀ [Ket].
Minicia marginella (Wider, 1834)*
Material. 1♀ [Es1]; 1♀ [Es].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. It has a trans-Palaearctic range (
Oreonetides vaginatus (Thorell, 1872)
Material. 1♂ [Krono]; 2♀ 1♂ [Es].
Paratmeticus bipunctis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
Material. 1♀ [Ket].
Pelecopsis dorniana Heimer, 1987*
Material. 2♀ 5♂ [Es].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. It has a Siberian range (
Pelecopsis parallela (Wider, 1834)
Material. 1♀ [Cha].
Phlattothrata parva (Kulczyński, 1926)
Material. 1♂ [Mari].
Sciastes dubius (Hackman, 1954)
Material. 2♀ [Agi].
Scotinotylus protervus (L. Koch, 1879)*
Material. 1♀ [Aga]; 1♀ [XX].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. It has a Siberio-NW Nearctic range (
Semljicola thaleri (Eskov, 1981)
Material. 1♂ [Pla].
Sisicus apertus (Holm, 1939)
Material. 1♀ [Uks], NW slope; 1♀ [Gor]; 3♀ [Oem].
Stemonyphantes sibiricus (Grube, 1861)
Material. 1♂ [Krono]; 3♀ 1♂ [Pla].
Tenuiphantes alacris (Blackwall, 1853)
Material. 1♀ [Krono]; 1♂ [Lay].
Tenuiphantes mengei (Kulczyński, 1887)
Material. 1♂ [Gor].
Tibioplus diversus (L. Koch, 1879)
Material. 1♂ [Es].
Tiso aestivus (L. Koch, 1872)
Material. 5♀ 11♂ [Pla]; 1♀ 1♂ [Es]; 2♀ [Gor].
Tmeticus tolli Kulczyński, 1908
Material. 2♀ [Krono].
Walckenaeria cuspidata Blackwall, 1833
Material. 3♂ [Krono].
Walckenaeria fraudatrix Millidge, 1983
Material. 1♀ [Pla].
Walckenaeria karpinskii (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)
Material. 1♀ [Es1]; 1♂ [Pla]; 3♀ 1♂ [Es]; 1♀ [Uks], NW slope; 1♀ [Gor].
Walckenaeria lepida (Kulcyński, 1885)
Material. 1♂ [Lay].
1♀ 1♂ [Agi].
There are three very similar species that are indistinguishable by their male palps and in some cases even by the epigynes: Walckenaeria spiralis (Emerton, 1882), W. microspiralis Millidge, 1893 and W. subspiralis. The epigyne of our specimen is similar to those of both W. subspiralis (known across the Nearctic north to southern North-West Territories) and W. microspiralis (known from the New England only). Based purely on the distribution, we suspect that the Kamchatka specimens belong to W. subspiralis. Walckenaeria spiralis was reported from the vicinity of Magadan (
Walckenaeria picetorum (Palmgren, 1976)
Material. 2♀ [Pla].
Wubanoides fissus (Kulczyński, 1926)
Material. 1♀ [Pla]; 2♀ 1♂ [Es].
Zornella orientalis Marusik, Buckle & Koponen, 2007**
Material. 1♀ [Es].
Note. These genus and species are new to Kamchatka. However,
Agroeca ornata Banks, 1892
Material. ♂♂ [Es].
Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757)
Material. 13♀ 28♂ [Pla]; 1♀ [Es].
Pardosa adustella (Roewer, 1951)
Material. 1♂ [Pla]; 7♀ 1♂ [Es]; 1♀ 1♂ [Bir]; 2♂ [Uks].
Pardosa lapponica (Thorell, 1872)
Material. 27♀ 50♂ [Pla]; 1♀ [Uks].
Pardosa lyrata (Odenwall, 1901)
Material. 7♀ 2♂ [Es]; 1♀ [Ket].
Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Material. 13♀ 20♂ [Pla].
Pardosa schenkeli Lessert, 1904
Material. 1♂ [Bys].
Zora nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861)
Material. 1♂ [Krono]; 1♀ 5♂ [Uks], NW slope; 1♀ [Pla]; 1♀ 1♂ [Es].
Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Material. 1♂ [Uks]; 1♀ [Bys]; 1♀ [Lay].
Attulus floricola (C.L. Koch, 1837)
Material. 2♂ [Koz].
Evarcha proszynskii Marusik & Logunov, 1998*
Material. 4♀ [Koz].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka, it has an East Palaearctic – West Nearctic distribution (
Marpissa pomatia (Walckenaer, 1802)
Materail. 1♀ [Koz].
Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Material. 1♂ [Cha]; 1j [Oem]; 1♂ [Kur].
Note. Although specimens from Oem is juvenile, we are sure in identification, because T. extensa is a single species known in the Peninsula with characteristic sternal pattern.
Enoplognatha caricis (Fickert, 1876)
Material. 1♂ [Ket]; 1♀ [Kur]; 1♀ [Cha].
Robertus lyrifer Holm, 1939
Material. 2♀ [Pla].
Ohlertidion ohlerti (Thorell, 1870)**
Material. 1♀ [Bys].
Note. These genus and species are new to Kamchatka, it has a circum-Holarctic distribution (
Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881)
Material. 1♂ [Ket].
Ozyptila arctica Kulczyński, 1908*
Material. 1♀ 1♂ [Pla].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka, it has a Siberio-Nearctic distribution (
Ozyptila orientalis Kulczyński, 1926
Material. 2♀ 1♂ [Pla].
Ozyptila sincera Kulczyński, 1926
Material. 1♀ 1♂ [Es].
Spiracme vachoni (Schenkel, 1963)*
Material. 1♂ [Bys].
Note. This species is new to Kamchatka. It was known from north-eastern Kazakhstan to Chukotka, and southward to Mongolia and Hokkaido (
Note. This family was not known from Kamchatka before.
Titanoeca nivalis Simon, 1874**
Material. 1♀2j [Gor]; 1♀ [Gor].
Note. These species and genus are new to Kamchatka. It has a trans-Palaearctic–West Nearctic distribution (
One of the peculiarities of the spider fauna of Kamchatka is the presence of several species having disjunctive ranges with large gaps within the Palaearctic Region, such as: Ozyptila gertschi Kurata, 1944 (Europe to the Urals, Nearctic and Kamchatka;
Before this study, 248 spider species were known from Kamchatka (
We are grateful to Victor A. Krivokhatsky (Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, Russia) who provided us with access to spider collections and helped to found Pavlenko’s material and fieldnotes, to Kirill G. Mikhailov (Moscow, Russia) for various consultations dealing with literature and biodiversity data, to Andrei V. Tanasevitch (Moscow, Russia) for the advice in terminology of palpal sclerites in Erigoninae, to Alexander A. Fomichev (Barnaul, Russia) and to anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions. We are also thanking S. Koponen and I. Sääksjärvi (Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Finland) for providing museum facilities. The English of the earlier draft was kindly edited by Dmitri V. Logunov (Manchester, UK).